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Jason Van Steenwyk
Jason Van Steenwyk

Jun 16, 2026

A $481 Billion Loop in Bond Ratings

Accuracy drifts without a public price to push back.

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Same Starting Point. Same Savings. One Decision Made The Difference.

Five years from now, there are going to be two types of retirees in America.

One is greeting strangers at Walmart in a blue vest. Not because they want to. Because the war in Iran was the first domino that knocked their retirement sideways and they never saw it coming.

The other is sitting on a beach with a margarita. Not because they got lucky. Because they understood what the Iran war was really about and made one simple move.

Here's what most people are missing.

The war in Iran isn't about nukes. It's about oil being sold in yuan instead of dollars.

Every barrel that leaves the dollar system makes your savings worth less. And 40 countries are following Iran's lead.

The retiree at Walmart kept everything in the same 401(k) their advisor set up ten years ago. They watched the dollar weaken. They watched inflation eat their savings. They hoped somebody in Washington would fix it. Nobody did.

The retiree on the beach moved a portion of their retirement into the one asset that goes up when the dollar goes down. Took 15 minutes. No taxes. No penalties. And they slept fine while everyone else panicked.

Same starting point. Same savings. One decision made the difference.

A free report called "The Great Gold Reset" shows you exactly what the Iran war means for your dollars, why it's accelerating a shift that was already underway, and the simple move that separates the Walmart greeters from the beach retirees.

Download Your Free Report Here

Tuesday, June 16, 2026

A $481 Billion Loop in Bond Ratings

Accuracy drifts without a public price to push back.

Three researchers at Columbia Business School published a study on May 31. They examined bonds held by life insurers. Bonds with private ratings failed at twice the rate of those with public ratings. Same grade. Twice the losses.

Here is the strange part. Those bonds were downgraded less often. Not more. Less. Something in the system rewards higher ratings even when the assets crack.

Kroll Bond Rating Agency issues private ratings. It published a response on June 9. Their argument: even if every Columbia number holds, the dollar gap is small. About 0.5% of the industry's total capital. The mechanism is real. The scale is still manageable. But the mechanism is growing fast.

The Big Idea

A bond rating is not just an opinion. For a life insurer, it sets the capital charge on every asset. When the rating is private, three forces form a loop. The rating controls the capital requirement. The issuer pays for the rating. No public market price exists to push back. That loop has grown tenfold since 2018.

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I don't know how long I can keep this briefing online before the "insiders" try to pull it.

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How a Rating Becomes a Dollar Amount

Life insurers must hold capital against every bond they own. The amount depends on the rating. A $100 million bond rated BBB requires about $1.5 million in reserves. Drop that rating to BB and the charge more than doubles.

That gap is the engine. Less capital in reserve means more capital put to work. More growth. More returns to owners. The rating is not a label on a file. It is the input that controls how much capital an insurer can deploy.

Observation: A one-notch rating change on a large bond shifts capital charges by millions of dollars.
Interpretation: The rating directly controls the insurer's cost of holding the asset. It is not advisory. It is operational.

The Growth and the Incentive

The Columbia researchers tracked private ratings in insurer portfolios. They grew from $46 billion in 2018 to $481 billion in 2025. Tenfold in seven years.

The actors behind the growth tell the story. Private-equity-owned insurers lead the trend. Athene, Apollo's life insurance arm, holds over 15% of total assets in private credit. Barclays reported private credit holdings among US life insurers rose over 20% in 2025 alone. The NAIC, which coordinates insurance regulation across US states, tracks filings for private letter ratings (PLRs). Those filings confirm the pace. About 2,000 in 2022. About 12,000 in 2025.

The incentive is structural. The issuer pays for the rating. The rating sets the capital charge. The arrow points in one direction. No one needs to break a rule. The incentive is built in.

Observation: Private ratings grew tenfold in seven years. PLR filings grew sixfold in three.
Interpretation: The incentive to seek favorable private ratings is scaling faster than the system designed to check them.

The Check That Does Not Exist

The Columbia researchers found one result that locks the mechanism together. The rating gap disappears when a bond also carries a public rating.

When a public market price exists, the private rating aligns with it. When no public price exists, the private rating runs two to three notches higher. The variable is not the bond. It is not the issuer. It is whether anyone outside the deal can check the number.

A public rating acts like a pressure gauge on a pipe. It gives regulators and investors a reference point. Remove the gauge and the reading drifts. Not because someone tampered with it. Because nothing pushes back.

Observation: The rating gap vanishes when both a private and a public rating exist for the same bond.
Interpretation: The absence of a market price signal removes the only external check on accuracy. That is the third gear.

Quick Hits

  • Privately rated bonds fail at twice the rate of publicly rated bonds in the same grade.

  • Private ratings in insurer portfolios grew from $46 billion to $481 billion since 2018.

  • NAIC filings for private letter ratings jumped from about 2,000 to about 12,000 in three years.

  • The researchers estimate the gap creates $4.5 billion in annual capital shortfall.

  • Kroll says that figure is roughly 0.5% of the industry's total adjusted capital.

  • The rating gap disappears when a bond also carries a public rating.

  • The NAIC passed a Discretion Amendment in August 2024, but implementation has been delayed.

Why the Discretion Amendment Is Worth Watching

In August 2024, the NAIC passed the Discretion Amendment. The Securities Valuation Office (SVO) is the NAIC's securities analysis arm. The amendment gives it authority to review and challenge ratings it finds unreliable. The original start date was January 2026. It has been pushed back.

This is the signal worth tracking. If the SVO gains authority to challenge private ratings, the loop gets a check it has never had. If the amendment keeps slipping, the loop keeps running as designed.

Kroll published its response on June 9. Even accepting every Columbia number, the capital gap is about 0.5% of industry capital. But the mechanism has only been tested in calm years. The Columbia data covers a period of low defaults and easy credit. No one knows how a two-to-three-notch gap in ratings performs when losses rise.

The loop exists. Three gears, one direction, no external check. The Discretion Amendment is the first attempt to add one.

The Map So Far

Three forces form an unchecked loop. The rating sets the capital charge. The issuer pays for the rating. No public price exists to verify it. That loop has grown tenfold since 2018. Its first regulatory test is the Discretion Amendment. Whether and when that amendment takes effect is the thing to watch.

Until next time,
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