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Jason Van Steenwyk
Jason Van Steenwyk

Jul 27, 2026

Europe's Gas Is 15 Points Short

The filling season is already half over.

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Europe's Gas Is 15 Points Short

The filling season is already half over.

Europe fills its gas storage between April and October. It draws that gas down through winter. The system runs on a fixed annual clock.

Right now, EU storage sits at about 52% of capacity. The five-year average for mid-July is closer to 67%. That is a 15-point gap. The filling season is already half over.

Three forces are working against the clock at the same time. The largest source of new LNG supply is offline. The market structure punishes companies for storing gas. And the legal phase-out of Russian gas is removing the last backup during filling season.

The Big Idea

The refill math only works if all three headwinds ease before October. None has. Europe entered April at 28% storage capacity, its lowest start since 2022. Energy Aspects projects storage will reach roughly 75% to 78% by the end of October. The EU already added a 10% flexibility margin to its mandatory winter target of 90%, effectively allowing 80%. Even that bar may not hold.

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The Biggest LNG Supplier Went Dark

On February 28, US and Israeli forces struck Iran. Within 48 hours, the Strait of Hormuz closed to commercial shipping. Qatar and the UAE move roughly 20% of the world's LNG through that strait. That supply vanished.

Then it got worse. Iranian missiles hit Qatar's Ras Laffan facility on March 18 and 19. Ras Laffan is the world's largest LNG export plant. The strikes knocked out about 17% of Qatar's export capacity, roughly 12.8 million tonnes per year. QatarEnergy expects repairs to take three to five years.

On June 21, workers tried to restart part of the facility. An explosion halted the attempt. Little LNG has shipped from Ras Laffan since March.

New US export capacity from Golden Pass LNG began shipping this year. The EIA says it covers only a small portion of the missing volume.

Observation: No laden LNG tanker crossed the Strait of Hormuz between March 1 and late April, according to Kpler shipping data tracked by the EIA.
Interpretation: Europe lost access to one-fifth of global LNG supply at the start of its filling season. The physical volume to close the storage gap does not exist in the market right now.

The Market Pays You Not to Store Gas

Even if LNG were available, the price structure discourages storing it.

Gas storage works like a seasonal trade. Companies buy gas cheap in summer. They inject it underground. They sell it at a higher price in winter. The profit comes from the gap between those two prices.

Right now, that gap is inverted. Summer gas on the TTF, Europe's benchmark gas price, costs more than winter gas. This condition is called backwardation. It means companies lose money on every unit they store. Since April, the seasonal spread on TTF has averaged minus 1.2 euros per megawatt hour.

Italy created a subsidy to fix this. Italian market participants get compensated for the negative spread, so they keep injecting. Germany, Europe's largest gas market, said it will not intervene. Most of Europe followed Germany's lead.

The commercial engine of storage injection is stalled across most of the continent.

Observation: TTF seasonal spreads have averaged minus €1.2/MWh since April. Summer prices remain above winter prices.
Interpretation: The price signal that normally drives companies to fill storage is broken. Without government intervention, the market has no reason to inject gas at a loss.

The Last Backup Is Being Removed by Law

The EU's REPowerEU regulation made the Russian gas phase-out legally binding. Short-term Russian LNG contracts were banned starting April 25. Short-term pipeline gas contracts were banned starting June 17. The dates are fixed.

In 2025, the EU still imported 36 billion cubic meters of Russian gas. That volume is now disappearing during the same months Europe needs every molecule it can get.

This is not a future risk. Both bans took effect during the current injection season. No single replacement source has scaled to fill the 36 bcm gap.

Observation: REPowerEU banned short-term Russian LNG contracts in April and short-term pipeline contracts in June, both during Europe's seven-month filling window.
Interpretation: The legal phase-out removes the last alternative supply source at the exact moment the other two forces are already straining the system.

Quick Hits

  • EU gas storage sits at roughly 52% of capacity in mid-July, about 15 points below the five-year seasonal average.

  • Europe entered the filling season in April at 28% capacity, its lowest start since 2022.

  • The Strait of Hormuz has been closed to commercial LNG shipping since March 1.

  • Iranian missile strikes in March knocked out 17% of Qatar's LNG export capacity, and a June restart attempt failed.

  • TTF seasonal spreads have been negative since April, removing the commercial incentive to inject gas.

  • The EU banned short-term Russian LNG contracts on April 25 and short-term pipeline contracts on June 17.

  • Equinor CEO Anders Opedal said on July 22 that Europe will likely not exceed 80% storage before winter.

What the Storage Gap Means for Winter

Each force alone would slow the filling season. All three hitting during the same seven-month window is what makes this structural.

Equinor's CEO, Anders Opedal, put it plainly on July 22. "We do not think that Europe will necessarily be able to fill up its stocks to more than 80% this autumn." Equinor is Europe's largest gas supplier. Energy Aspects' base case agrees. It projects 78% by the end of October.

Here is the number worth holding onto. Every 5-point shortfall in November storage costs roughly two to four weeks of buffer at peak winter demand. The EU's original target was 90%. Even with the flexibility margin allowing 80%, the best projection lands at 78%. Against the original 90% standard, that 12-point gap means five to ten fewer weeks of winter cushion.

Three signals are worth tracking week to week. First, the injection pace reported by Gas Infrastructure Europe. Is it rising or flat? Second, the TTF seasonal spread. If winter prices climb above summer prices, the commercial incentive to store gas returns. Third, the status of the Strait of Hormuz. Any reopening to LNG tankers changes the supply math right away.

The filling season ends in October. The clock does not wait.

The Map So Far

Europe's gas storage system faces three simultaneous headwinds: a physical supply cut from the Hormuz closure and Ras Laffan damage, a broken price incentive that discourages injection, and a legally binding Russian gas phase-out removing the last backup during filling season. The EU has already added a 10% flexibility margin to its mandatory target of 90%. The largest gas supplier in Europe says even that may not be met.

Until next time,
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